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    Microwave-Assisted Esterification of N-Acetyl-L-Phenylalanine Using Modified Mukaiyama’s Reagents: A New Approach Involving Ionic Liquids

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    Author
    Zhao, Hua
    Song, Zhiyan
    Cowins, Janet V.
    Olubajo, Olarongbe
    Affiliation
    Savannah State University
    Keyword
    Savannah State University (Savannah, Ga.)
    Amino acid
    Ionic liquid
    Mukaiyama’s reagent
    Microwave
    Esterification
    Issue Date
    2008-01-16
    Type
    Article
    Language
    en_US
    Metadata
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    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/11286/581395
    Abstract
    Inspired by the concept of ionic liquids (ILs), this study modified the original Mukaiyama’s reagent, 2-chloro-1-methylpyridinium iodide (m.p. 200-dec), from ionic solid into liquids by changing its anion. The esterification of N-acetyl-L-phenylalanine was investigated as a model reaction. The microwave irradiation was more effective in esterifying N-acetyl-L-phenylalanine than the conventional reflux method. The original Mukaiyama’s reagent was modified into ILs through manipulating its anion. However, only non-nucleophilic anions (such as EtSO4- and Tf2N-) were favorable since nucleophilic ones (such as CF3COO- and CH3COO-) could exchange with chlorine resulting in non-reactive coupling reagents. Two modified Mukaiyama’s compounds (i.e. hydrophilic [2- ClMePy][EtSO4] and hydrophobic [2-ClMePy][Tf2N]) have been identified as the best ILtype coupling reagents. The esterification reaction was greatly enhanced by using 1- methylimidazole as the base instead of conventional toxic tertiary amines, and by using excess amount of alcohols as solvents instead of dichloromethane. Overall, the method reported is effective and ‘greener’.
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